What it is
Vitreoretinal surgery covers operations on the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, and the vitreous, the clear gel that fills the inside of the eye. The most common procedures are pars plana vitrectomy, in which the vitreous gel is removed and replaced with a gas bubble, silicone oil or saline, and scleral buckling, in which a small band is placed on the outside of the eye to support the retina. These techniques treat retinal detachment, persistent vitreous haemorrhage (bleeding inside the eye that has not cleared on its own) and other complex retinal disorders.
Who it's for
People with retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage that has not cleared, or other retinal and vitreous conditions where a retina specialist recommends surgery. For symptoms of a possible retinal detachment — sudden floaters, flashes of light or a curtain-like shadow in your vision — seek care the same day.
What to expect
The retina is examined after dilating drops, sometimes with an ultrasound scan if bleeding makes the retina difficult to see directly. Surgery is usually done under local or general anaesthesia as a planned procedure, or urgently if the retina is detached. If a gas bubble is used, you may need to keep your head in a particular position for some days afterwards.
Recovery
Recovery time depends on the condition being treated and the technique used. With a gas bubble in the eye, air travel and high-altitude travel should be avoided until your doctor confirms the gas has cleared. Silicone oil, when used, is usually removed in a second operation once the retina has settled.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between vitrectomy and scleral buckling?
Vitrectomy removes the gel inside the eye and replaces it with gas, oil or saline, while a scleral buckle is a band placed on the outside of the eye to support the retina. Your surgeon may use one or both, depending on the case.
How long does it take to recover vision after vitreoretinal surgery?
This varies widely depending on the condition treated and how long it was present before surgery. Your doctor can give you a more specific idea after examining your eye.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Sweta Patro